The respiratory air is saturated by water vapor in the anatomical dead space and enters the alveoli.Figure: Bohr’s Equation Significance of the Dead Space The physiologically dead space can be determined by Bohr’s equation. Normal Value: In the case of a normal person, the volume of air in the anatomical dead space is almost equal to the volume of air in the physiological dead space.( Unused ventilated air = Unused air in the air sacs of the lungs + Excess received air ) Physiological dead space = Anatomical dead space + Unused ventilated air Figure: Physiological and anatomical dead space The air that is trapped at any point in the respiratory tract that does not participate in the gaseous exchange is called physiological dead space. Normal Value: The volume of anatomical dead space air is usually 150 ml and it is 20-30% of tidal volume (TV).The volume of air that is confined to the transport area of the respiratory tract and does not participate in the exchange of gas is called anatomical dead space. Respiratory dead space is generally two types – Anatomical dead space and Physiological dead space. However, differences in the exact way of measuring this space result in clinically significant different results and, therefore, debate remains about the true value of this measured parameter.Ĭopyright © 2023, StatPearls Publishing LLC.The part of the respiratory tract where the trapped air does not participate in gaseous exchange is called respiratory dead space. Indeed, it may serve as a prognostic factor in patients with acute repository distress syndrome (ARDS) who require ventilation. This phenomenon has clinical significance because, both in healthy and impaired lungs, properly calculating and accounting for this non-physiological space is important for the proper respiratory care of ventilated patients. This is therefore termed anatomical dead space as it serves no respiratory function. Anatomic dead space is an important phenomenon in respiratory physiology whereby, owing to the fact that upper airways do not function as locations for gas exchange, and because of the tidal nature of ventilation, there is always a fraction of the inspired air that does not perform a physiologic function of exchanging carbon dioxide for oxygen.
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